Selcan Karakuş

By Selcan Karakuş

Part of the book: Science and Technology Behind Nanoemulsions

By Selcan Karakus, Ezgi Tan, Merve Ilgar, Ismail Sıtkı Basdemir and Ayben Kilislioglu

In this study, the antibacterial effect of novel copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) metal-based core-shell nanostructures against Escherichia coli (E. coli-Gram negative) was investigated. The novel copper- and silver-based nanostructures were prepared separately by using nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymers chitosan and guar gum-polyvinyl alcohol (GG-PVA), which were modified by inorganic phases SiO2 and sepiolite. On the other hand, guar gum-PVA (GG-PVA) was modified by sepiolite, and this nanostructure was prepared only for silver. Besides, Cu was dispersed in a different biopolymer chitosan by sonochemical method in the presence and absence of SiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the surface chemistry and morphology of the core/shell nanostructure. Nanoscale zero-valent Cu (NZVCu) was found under thin CuO film according to the XPS results. SEM images showed that spherical Cu/CuO@SiO2 nanostructures (∼100 nm) were homogenously dispersed in the chitosan by using sonochemical method. Antibacterial property of the core-shell nanostructures was analyzed by well-diffusion method against Escherichia coli (E. coli-Gram negative). Cu/CuO@SiO2 nanostructures were found very effective against the E. coli due to high ratio of NZVCu in the nanostructure.

Part of the book: New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies

By Selcan Karakus, Ezgi Tan, Merve Ilgar, Ibrahim Mizan Kahyaoglu, Yeşim Müge Şahin, Demet Sezgin Mansuroglu, Deniz Ismik, Nevin Tasaltin and Ayben Kilislioglu

In this study, polyethylene glycol/guar gum @ silver nanoparticles (PEG/GG@AgNPs) were synthesized by using simple sonication method. The nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The swelling behaviors of nanoparticles were studied in different pHs (5.5 and 7.4). The experimental results were calculated by Fickian diffusion and Schott kinetic models to understand the swelling mechanism and coefficients of the nanoparticles. The results showed that the linear equation of the Fickian diffusion kinetic model was best fit to explain the water diffusion mechanism of the nanoparticle with high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.982–0.987). The results confirmed that the swelling degree of nanoparticles were 9.71 g/g at pH 5.5. Also, the results confirmed that PEG/GG@AgNPs can be a good candidate for drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical applications.

Part of the book: Sonochemical Reactions

By Selcan Karakus, Merve Ilgar, Ezgi Tan, Yeşim Müge Sahin, Nevin Tasaltin and Ayben Kilislioglu

In this study, PEGylated locust bean gum–rosin glycerol ester polymeric nanoparticles (PEG-LBG/RE PNPs) were synthesized by using simple ultrasonic irradiation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The viscosity behaviors of nanoparticles were studied in different conditions (pH, sonication time, and salt). The experimental results were calculated by Huggins, Kraemer, Tanglertpaibul-Rao, and Higiro models to understand the colloidal stability, the miscibility mechanism, and coefficients of nanoparticles. The results confirmed that the homogenous distribution of nanostructure was related to sonication time (30 min) and the presence of NaOH salt. With the addition of NaOH, the nanosystem based on ionotropic gelation technique was made more homogeneous. The results made us think that nanoparticles can be a good candidate for drug delivery systems in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Part of the book: Colloid Science in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

By Gizem Karabulut, Nuray Beköz Üllen and Selcan Karakuş

In recent years, there has been significant interest in advanced nanobiosensor technologies with their exceptional properties for real-time monitoring, ultra-sensing, and rapid detection. With relevant experimental data, highly selective and hypersensitive detection of various analytes is possible using biosensors based on nanostructures. In particular, biosensors focus on vital issues such as disease early diagnosis and treatment, risk assessment of quality biomarkers, food-water quality control, and food safety. In the literature, there has been great attention to the preparation and sensing behavior of several nanomaterials-based sensors, such as polymer frameworks, metal-organic frameworks, one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, and MXenes-based sensors. This chapter gives points to all aspects of fabrication, characterization, mechanisms, and applications of nanostructures-based biosensors. Finally, some smart advanced sensing systems for ultra-sensing nanoplatforms, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the sensor performances, current limitations, and future outlook of next-generation sensing materials, are highlighted.

Part of the book: Biosignal Processing

By Magdy M.M. Elnashar and Selcan Karakuş

Part of the book: Biocomposites

By Sündüz Alemdar, Nursel Pekel Bayramgil and Selcan Karakuş

Biosensors are remarkable devices that convert biological reactions to chemical compounds into measurable signals, allowing for specific detection of target analytes. The classification of biosensors is based on the type of bioreceptor or transducer used. They have diverse applications in environmental monitoring, detection of toxins, pharmaceuticals, prosthetics, biotechnology, and biomedical engineering, with a crucial role in monitoring soil, water, and food quality. In the field of health and biomedicine, biosensors have undergone significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment of diseases by providing highly accurate results. This chapter focuses on the advancements and applications of biosensors in various biotechnological domains.

Part of the book: New Advances in Biosensing

By Selcan Karakuş, Tarık Küçükdeniz, Savaş Evran and Mustafa Kurt

Recent advances in biosensors have been driven by growing interest in biotechnological solutions. By transforming analyte concentrations into electrical impulses, these sensors assess biological elements such as proteins, enzymes, viruses, glucose, and adrenaline. Applications, including heavy metal ion analysis, drug testing, and biomarker detection, are perfect for them. This book chapter will explore sensitive biological systems that can be integrated with transducers using diverse physical and chemical methods in biosensor applications. It will also discuss various classifications of biosensors, including electrochemical, thermal, electrical, optical, biological, magnetic, mechanical, and colorimetric. Electrochemical biosensors generate electrical signals from enzymatic reactions, offering benefits like ease of use, low production costs, and the ability to detect various biomolecules. The advantages of nanomaterial-based sensors will also be thoroughly examined. Moreover, recent developments in colorimetric biosensors utilizing smartphones—equipped with optical imaging systems and various sensors like heart rate monitors and fingerprint scanners—highlight their potential. With their data processing and image capture capabilities, smartphones are positioned to enhance the functionality of colorimetric biosensors. This chapter reviews the latest advancements and current approaches in biosensor development.

Part of the book: Current Developments in Biosensors and Emerging Smart Technologies